[강좌] Re:국가별 고도분리 체계 (RVSM/CVSM)

Flight levels (altimetry)

Introduction

In order to ensure safe separation between aircraft above the transition level, it has been decided to allocate FLs to aircraft according their heading.
This semi-circular cruising level system is also known as NEODD-SWEVEN rule (north-east is odd, south-west is even). There are three different types of airspace rules worldwide and another for the North Atlantic Tracks. Most airspace is now governed by the RVSM rule (standing for Reduced Vertical Separation Minima). This rule is now in effect over most parts of the world as you can see on the map at the bottom of this document. Earlier in aviation history, due to the relative imprecision of flight instruments, it was decided to apply a minimum vertical separation of 2000 ft above FL290, keeping a 1000 ft spacing below this level. So until now, we had the CVSM (Conventional Vertical Separation Minima) also known as Standard ICAO.
Today's flight instruments are more reliable and more accurate that those of previous decades. Considering this fact, in addition to the necessity of increasing the control capacity in upper airspace sectors, it was decided to reduce the spacing from 2000 to 1000 ft between FL290 and FL410 (marked between red lines in the table below).
Please note that in New Zealand this is applicable to the complete airspace. 

In most airspace, those levels are according to the primary heading of your flight: Westbound or Eastbound. But over certain areas, the RVSM airspace between FL290 and FL410 is applied Northbound and Southbound instead. Those areas are over: France, Morocco, North Algeria, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. In Italy, it's the complete airspace that has a Northbound/Southbound semi circular rule. In Italy, above 3000 ft, Northbound flights are even and Southbound flights are odd. In New Zealand Northbound/Southbound rules are applied but Northbound is Odd and Southbound is Even. 

Finally, remember VFR flights are Flight Levels ending with 5 (FL055, FL065,FL085, etc.). 

On some maps, a little arrow applied next to airways names shows the way for odd levels. 

Remember just a rule for airliner operations: "As high as possible". In general, propliners operate between FL080 and FL220 and jetliners between FL220 and FL410 (except for Concorde operating on a step flight around FL550). Even for short ops, jets are operating at a high level even if not staying on cruise for too long. 

IMPORTANT: Since September 25th 2008, Africa is now applying RVSM like other countries where westbound traffic uses even levels and eastbound traffic uses odd levels. Therefore CVSM levels were removed from the table below. 

Flight levels table

ICAO / RVSM / ICAO		NAT RVSM		"North/South" RVSM		NZ "North/South"
Westbound	Eastbound	Westbound	Eastbound	Northbound	Southbound	Southbound	Northbound
Heading 180°-359°	Heading 360°-179°	Heading 180°-359°	Heading 360°-179°	Heading 270°-089°	Heading 090°-269°	Heading 090°-269°	Heading 270°-089°
	FL610						FL610
FL590						FL590
	FL570						FL570
FL550						FL550
	FL530						FL530
FL510						FL510
	FL490			Above FL410 use standard W/E ICAO rules except Italy (see above)			FL490
FL470						FL470
	FL450						FL450
FL430						FL430
↑ ICAO ↑       /       ↓ RVSM ↓
	FL410				FL410		FL410
FL400		FL400	FL400	FL400		FL400
	FL390	FL390	FL390		FL390		FL390
FL380		FL380	FL380	FL380		FL380
	FL370	FL370	FL370		FL370		FL370
FL360		FL360	FL360	FL360		FL360
	FL350	FL350	FL350		FL350		FL350
FL340		FL340	FL340	FL340		FL340
	FL330	FL330	FL330		FL330		FL330
FL320		FL320	FL320	FL320		FL320
	FL310	FL310	FL310		FL310		FL310
FL300				FL300		FL300
	FL290				FL290		FL290
↓ ICAO ↓       /       ↑ RVSM ↑
FL280				Below FL290 use standard W/E ICAO rules except Italy (see above)		FL280
	FL270						FL270
FL260						FL260
	FL250						FL250
FL240						FL240
	FL230						FL230
FL220						FL220
	FL210						FL210
FL200						FL200
	FL190						FL190
FL180						FL180
	FL170						FL170
FL160						FL160
	FL150						FL150
FL140						FL140
	FL130						FL130
FL120						FL120
	FL110						FL110
FL100						FL100
	FL090						FL090
FL080						FL080
	FL070						FL070
FL060						FL060
	(FL050)						(FL050)

Metric airspace flight levels table

Finally some countries are applying metric units for their flight levels. Those countries are China, Mongolia, Russia and many CIS countries (except Ukraine, Minsk FIR, Kaliningrad FIR, Vilinus FIR, RIGA FIR, Tallinn FIR). Aircraft entering these areas normally make a slight climb or descent to adjust for this.
Note that Ukraine, Lituania and part of Russia changed to feet RVSM but altitudes (below transition) are remining Metric. Levels are indicated with a S and four digits (SXXXX) and atlitudes with a M and four digits (MXXXX).
On November 21st 2007, China started to apply RVSM on their metric system. 

China RVSM		Mongolia		Russia / CIS
Westbound	Eastbound	Westbound	Eastbound	Westbound	Eastbound
Heading 180°-359°	Heading 360°-179°	Heading 180°-359°	Heading 360°-179°	Heading 180°-359°	Heading 360°-179°
15500 m (50,900 ft)
	14900 m (48,900 ft)
14300 m (46,900 ft)
	13700 m (44,900 ft)
13100 m (43,000 ft)
	12500 m (41,100 ft)
12200 m (40,100 ft)		15600 m (51,200 ft)		14600 m (47,900 ft)
	11900 m (39,100 ft)		15000 m (49,200 ft)		14100 m (46,300 ft)
11600 m (38,100 ft)		14400 m (47,200 ft)		13600 m (44,600 ft)
	11300 m (37,100 ft)		13800 m (45,300 ft)		13100 m (43,000 ft)
11000 m (36,100 ft)		13200 m (43,300 ft)		12600 m (41,300 ft)
	10700 m (35,100 ft)		12600 m (41,300 ft)		12100 m (39,700 ft)
10400 m (34,100 ft)		12000 m (39,400 ft)		11600 m (38,100 ft)
	10100 m (33,100 ft)		11400 m (37,400 ft)		11100 m (36,400 ft)
9800 m (32,100 ft)		10800 m (35,400 ft)		10600 m (34,800 ft)
	9500 m (31,100 ft)		10200 m (33,500 ft)		10100 m (33,100 ft)
9200 m (30,100 ft)		9600 m (31,500 ft)		9600 m (31,500 ft)
	8900 m (29,100 ft)		9000 m (29,500 ft)		9100 m (29,900 ft)
8400 m (27,600 ft)		8400 m (27,600 ft)		8600 m (28,200 ft)
	8100 m (26,600 ft)		8100 m (26,600 ft)		8100 m (26,600 ft)
7800 m (25,600 ft)		7800 m (25,600 ft)		7800 m (25,600 ft)
	7500 m (24,600 ft)		7500 m (24,600 ft)		7500 m (24,600 ft)
7200 m (23,600 ft)		7200 m (23,600 ft)		7200 m (23,600 ft)
	6900 m (22,600 ft)		6900 m (22,600 ft)		6900 m (22,600 ft)
6600 m (21,700 ft)		6600 m (21,700 ft)		6600 m (21,700 ft)
	6300 m (20,700 ft)		6300 m (20,700 ft)		6300 m (20,700 ft)
6000 m (19,700 ft)		6000 m (19,700 ft)		6000 m (19,700 ft)
	5700 m (18,700 ft)		5700 m (18,700 ft)		5700 m (18,700 ft)
5400 m (17,700 ft)		5400 m (17,700 ft)		5400 m (17,700 ft)
	5100 m (16,700 ft)		5100 m (16,700 ft)		5100 m (16,700 ft)
4800 m (15,700 ft)		4800 m (15,700 ft)		4800 m (15,700 ft)
	4500 m (14,800 ft)		4500 m (14,800 ft)		4500 m (14,800 ft)
4200 m (13,800 ft)		4200 m (13,800 ft)		4200 m (13,800 ft)
	3900 m (12,800 ft)		3900 m (12,800 ft)		3900 m (12,800 ft)
3600 m (11,800 ft)		3600 m (11,800 ft)		3600 m (11,800 ft)
	3300 m (10,800 ft)		3300 m (10,800 ft)		3300 m (10,800 ft)
3000 m (9,800 ft)		3000 m (9,800 ft)		3000 m (9,800 ft)
	2700 m (8,900 ft)		2700 m (8,900 ft)		2700 m (8,900 ft)
2400 m (7,900 ft)		2400 m (7,900 ft)		2400 m (7,900 ft)
	2100 m (6,900 ft)		2100 m (6,900 ft)		2100 m (6,900 ft)
1800 m (5,900 ft)		1800 m (5,900 ft)		1800 m (5,900 ft)
	1500 m (4,900 ft)		1500 m (4,900 ft)		1500 m (4,900 ft)
1200 m (3,900 ft)		1200 m (3,900 ft)		1200 m (3,900 ft)
	900 m (3,000 ft)		900 m (3,000 ft)		900 m (3,000 ft)
600 m (2,000 ft)		600 m (2,000 ft)		600 m (2,000 ft)

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